login: restore u.Redacted() in parseLoginServer errors

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toothbrush3mo ago

The rebase onto the updated part-1 branch resolved login.go to the demolition side wholesale, dropping the base's redaction of rejected --server values — a userinfo-bearing URL must not land in CI logs.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 noreply@anthropic.com Entire-Checkpoint: 0dd9fc48dac4

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Auth Refactor: Eliminate Static Fallbacks

Claude CodeFable 5.[1m]
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